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Although
24 million people have been diagnosed with diabetes, it's estimated that
an additional 5.7 million people have the disease but don't know it. Type
2 diabetes doesn't always have clear symptoms, and often isn't diagnosed
until found accidentally during a physical or check-up. Is the condition
really symptomless or are there early warning signs that can sound the
alarm?
Diabetes
and menopause: What to expect
Menopause is the phase of life after your
periods have stopped. Diabetes and menopause may team up for varied effects
on your body, including:
-
Changes in blood sugar level.
The hormones estrogen and progesterone affect how your cells respond to
insulin. After menopause, changes in your hormone levels can trigger fluctuations
in your blood sugar level. You may notice that your blood sugar level is
more variable or less predictable than before. If your blood sugar gets
out of control, you have a higher risk of diabetes complications.
-
Weight gain.
Some women gain weight during the menopausal transition and after menopause.
This can increase the need for insulin or oral diabetes medication.
-
Infections. Even before menopause,
high blood sugar levels can contribute to urinary and vaginal infections.
After menopause — when a drop in estrogen makes it easier for bacteria
and yeast to thrive in the urinary tract and vagina — the risk is even
higher.
-
Sleep problems.
After menopause, hot flashes and night sweats may keep you up at night.
In turn, the sleep deprivation can make it tougher to manage your blood
sugar level.
-
Sexual problems.
Diabetes can damage the nerves of the cells that line the vagina. This
can interfere with arousal and orgasm. Vaginal dryness, a common symptom
of menopause, may compound the issue by causing pain during sex.
It
is known that women with type 1 diabetes have a delayed menarche and a
greater prevalence of menstrual disorders than women without diabetes.
However, before this research, little was known about the menopausal transition
among type 1 diabetic women. The Familial Autoimmune and Diabetes (FAD)
Study recruited both adult individuals who were identified from the Children's
Hospital of Pittsburgh Type 1 registry for the years 1950-1964 and their
family members. Unrelated non-diabetic control probands and their relatives
were also evaluated.
The study appears in Diabetes
50(8):1857-1862,2000 by Janice S. Dorman, Ph.D. et al.
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